States of Matter
We
can take some water. It is a liquid. Now we will start to heat the water. When
the water is getting heated, the particles inside the water molecules are
starting to absorb thermal energy from the heat. We know all the particles are
made up of energy or we can say universe is totally made up of Energy. Here we
can go through with the electrons in the atoms as an example. Once the
electrons gain energy it can’t stay more where they are at the present. So it
starts moving upwards of the orbital and it will affect the stability of the
molecule. Same like the protons and neutrons absorb thermal energy from the
heat. Dew to the energy increment of the particles, the water starts heating
and starts vaporing. Because of the energy increment the on the particles in
the atom the molecules starts to change its liquid state to gas. So here we can
say a particle can accommodate a certain amount of energy (a minimum and a
maximum) in it to maintain stability. Again
we are heating the water; the particles are absorbing energy again. Once the
particles reach to absorb its maximum level of energy it starts to emit the
energy absorbed. This time inside the water will affect two kinds of energies.
One from the heat and the other is which emits the particles. In effect of
these two energies the water starts boiling.
Now we check the vapour.
If we collect the vapour and make it cool. It will be back to the state of
water. Here the particles in the vapour molecules are emitting the exes energy which
it gain from the heat and return as it before. Same like that if we cooled the
water again and again it changes its liquid sate into solid. Once we are
cooling particles are losing the energy and the electrons will move closer to
the orbital and that too the nucleus. By this experiment we can say that
according to its energy, an electron can move upward or down ward to the same
orbital. So probability of finding an electron in an orbital depends upon the
present energy of the electron and the present physical sate of the atom. In
each state of the atoms or molecules electrons can reach at a minimum or maximum
amount of quanta of energy. It can absorb maximum quanta of energy in it and emit
to reach at a minimum amount of energy in it. If it passes its minimum or
maximum quanta of energy the atom will change its state. And it is not only for
the outer orbital electrons. All the electrons in an atom are absorbing and
emitting energy. In all its states there is a constant energy which can keep
more stable. So the particles are always trying to maintain their stability. We
can feel this also from our surroundings. If we kept a peace of iron or metal
outside in a sunny day. The particles of the metals atom receive energy from
the solar energy and heated. When we feel the heat in the metal we can say that
the metal is absorbing the energy. And the night time we can feel as without
heat because the absorbed heat energy will be emitted by the metal.
In this picture the centre is the nucleus of
the atom. The pink region we can say as the orbital and the blue one as the
electron. Here according to the energy stored in the electron, it can move
upward or downward in the orbital. So here we can say each particle will be
stay at different energy levels according to its surroundings. This is
happening in the case of dark energy also. During the decay the stored energy
in the radiation (radiated particles as energy) will be at the minimum amount.
Force Decay
Once energy (source) applies
a force, the force can provide kinetic energy to an object. During the motion
the force will radiate some amount of energy.
This we can call force decay. If the applied force does not absorb an
external force it will decay slowly and loose the energy. And the radiated
energy will remain in the direction of motion and will be act as the part of
inertial frame with its surroundings. So the decayed energy will stay in the
frame and will cause the density increase of the frame.
Once I was binding a copper
wire over an iron road, then I feel a small amount of energy is forming between
the iron road and the copper wire. Here the iron road and the copper coil are
in direct contact, and the copper coil is surrounding on the iron road like a
solenoid and having some angle between the iron road and the copper coil while
when it binds. In between the copper binds there will be some free place on the
Iron road. This place and almost centre of the copper winding wire I felt some
extra ordinary form of Energy.
In the picture the black coloured line is the
iron road and the yellow one is copper coil.
Hence the copper binds
against the iron road are arranging in a uniform mode and will keep a uniform
angle. So here we can say that the series of arrangement of atoms in the copper
wire and the iron road are keeping the same angle. So the electrons surrounding
in the copper binds and the iron road are keeping the same angle. Once those
the atoms of copper binds and the iron road are in direct contact the electrons
in these are also in direct contact. Once they are in direct contact, it will
try to make an atomic bond and it is impossible to create an atomic bond. So
the valence electrons start repelling each other.
As a result of
repulsion of the free electrons the electrons of the copper will gather at centre
of the copper wire and the electrons in the iron will gather at the centre of
the iron road where the free space exists. Then the gathered electrons will
forms like an electron cloud. According to the presence of the more number of
electrons in this particular region will affect a presence of negative charge
on that region. Here we are having so many numbers of copper binds on the iron
road, so we can found the same negative charge on all the regions where copper
wire binds.
But
after a few days I checked the same system I don’t feel the same effect which
get at the stage of starting. I was noticed that the effect of the energy in
this region is gradually decreasing. Here I get concluded that the particles
are gradually losing the energy which they are obtaining from any other source.
Here we can say that the copper and the iron road are energetically equilibrium
at normally. They are stable at normal condition when I took it to do the work.
Once start working on it, they achieve more energy from my work. This energy
gives the electron more force to repel each other. After sometimes they will
gradually lose the gained energy and repulsion between them will decrease. Here
we can conclude that particles will decay or lose energy itself if the
surrounding not allows them to maintain the current stage of equilibrium. Also
we can say that if a particle at equilibrium with its surrounding, it will try
to emit any energy which it absorbs externally.
Dark Matter
Once a source release some amount of energy itself,
the released quanta of energy will gets motion according to the work done by
the source. The work done by the source will determine the force of the motion
of the released quanta of energy. All we know that, the product of applied
force and the displacement will be the work done by the source. If we think the
same thing reversely we can say that the work done by the source will determine
the applicable force and the quanta of energy to be released during the work. So
the work done by the source will give the kinetic energy to the released quanta
of energy. According to me each quantum of energy will hold its own property to
create mass. If some quanta of energy is releasing from any of the source it
will carry mass also with it. We can say photons are mass less but photons can
add mass when a photon is absorbed by a particle.
Like
this if we observe a radioactive reaction we can find more on this. During the radioactive
decay the released energy will carry some mass (associated with the binding
energy of the system) with it. The carrying mass will later absorbed by any
other system and convert as matter. If this reaction happening in the space
(like a long range distances), the released mass will gradually lose its
kinetic energy and fall at rest stage. Because during the motion all of the objects
which at motion will radiate the absorbed kinetic energy gradually. But in
normal condition at earth’s atmosphere it is possible to add the released mass
to any other matter easily. Like this mass (quanta of energy) which lost the
kinetic energy or with the kinetic energy are not sufficient to form as a
particle. Because of the insufficient energy in it, that can’t create a mass
energy equivalence form in it. So it can only add to any other system. It can
show gravitation only.
According to me major part of
the energy in the universe was at this stage before the Big bang. By the
gravity of these matters they join together gradually and add mass each other. I
can say that if more than one matter like this join together it can be form as
matter and show mass to the total system. Here I can say that this is the situation
which causes the formation of the uniform mass which undergoes to big bang. Once
it joins together each other naturally the mass and the total energy of the
system also increase.
If
an object at motion, during the motion it decays gradually as radiation or it
will lose energy gradually even if there is no external force like friction and
gravity are acting on it too. These decayed radiation particles will be rest in
the path of the moving energy. According to its life time of the motion, the
total amount of the kinetic energy will be loose by the moving object slowly as
radiation. Or we can say that the total amount of energy will at motion will
decayed as small parts (Quanta) of energy and will be at rest frame.
Aloysius Sebastian
aloysi.aloys@gmail.com
